Diagonal bracing in both directions shall be installed across the entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads equivalent to a uniformly distributed load of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) or more per square foot (929 square cm). Place the planks. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. C. Workplace and engineering controls a. Subscripts in the reactants must be conserved in the products. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. All ladders used in conjunction with step, platform and trestle ladder scaffolds shall meet the pertinent requirements of subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders, except that job-made ladders shall not be used to support such scaffolds. Learning Objectives Crawling boards shall extend from the roof peak to the eaves when used in connection with roof construction, repair, or maintenance. We thoroughly check each answer to a question to provide you with the most correct answers. Guard or securely cover all holes created or uncovered before leaving a work area Scaffolding means a convenient platform for persons to work at height. Suspension ropes and cables shall be connected to the overhead supporting members by shackles, clips, thimbles, or other means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength, durability). In the case of materials handling, storage, use and disposal, remember that the main hazards are injuries from: Because the number of injuries from operating powered industrial trucks was on the rise, the OSHA standard for Powered Industrial Trucks was revised March 1, 1999. Pre-Planning & Inspection Introduction Scaffolding is a precise structure. Window jacks shall not be used to support planks placed between one window jack and another, or for other elements of scaffolding. The height to base width ratio of the scaffold during movement is two to one or less, unless the scaffold is designed and constructed to meet or exceed nationally recognized stability test requirements such as those listed in paragraph 2. If the hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car must be totally enclosed on all sides for the full height between the floor and: The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from: Power tools should never be carried by the cord or hose or be yanked from a receptacle by the cord or hose; and cords and hoses should be kept away from: Sharp, abrasive, pinching, or otherwise hazardous moving parts of power tools: Must have protective guard to prevent contact with workers. Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. Select the equipment you need and place it near the work area. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. employers in workdays not lost. To enforce the federal regulations that ensure that business is conducted in an ethical manner Bearers shall be installed transversely between posts, and when coupled to the posts, shall have the inboard coupler bear directly on the runner coupler. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Name the three types of scaffolds and describe their main characteristics proper measures to protect against or prevent accidents and injuries. This process is known as: OSHA requires that many categories of PPE meet or be equivalent to standards developed by: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI). And workers must be trained by a qualified person before they use the scaffold. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. No handhold available. Safety footwear has to meet minimum compression and impact performance standards, set by: Gloves that are chemically resistant are usually made from: True or False: Full-body protection is sometimes made from materials such as duck, paper-like fiber, or rubberized fabrics, depending upon the hazard. Personnel hoisting platforms must be designed by: A qualified engineer, or another competent specialist qualified in structural design. Before a scaffold is moved, each employee on the scaffold shall be made aware of the move. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Engineering and Administrative Controls. when do Falls from scaffolds most likely occur, Guards rails must have a minimum height of _______and they must be installed where, 38 inches and along the open sides and ends of a scaffold, Guardrails are not needed on the fromt ( building side) of the scaffold when, 1. the front end of all platforms is less than 14 inches from the face of the work has financial rewards, with an estimated annual savings of $90 million for American Cloudflare is currently unable to resolve your requested domain. "Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds (swing stages)." Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. potential hazards that employers and workers need to be aware of so they can take the C. Explosives Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. Tap here to review the details. Ladders used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. OSHA 1926.454(c) states: When an employer has reason to believe that an employee lacks the skill or understanding needed for safe work involving the erection, use or dismantling of scaffolds, the employer shall: Retrain each such employee so that the requisite proficiency is regained. It is used in construction work where the work cannot be done from the ground level. Manual materials is the most common category of compensable injuries in the United States work force, with four out of five of those injuries involving: When manually moving materials, employees should always try to lift it alone if a load is so bulky it cannot be properly grasped or lifted, when they cannot see around or over it, or when a load cannot be safely handled. 1. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. Erecting Scaffolding Safely. All diagonal . The circuit becomes part of the conductor The two steps for avoiding hazards that are always taken before the need for PPE is considered are: The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade. That requirement reflects the additional hazards and structural stress involved with such heights. By definition a scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform Light metal-type platforms having a rated capacity of 750 pounds or less and platforms 40 feet (12.2 m) or less in length shall be tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. Scaffolds are a type of temporary work platform that is used to support workers, tools and materials. Building ties shall be installed at the bearer levels between the transverse bracing and shall conform to the requirements of 1926.451(c)(1). Each pump jack bracket shall have two positive gripping mechanisms to prevent any failure or slippage. Each has Do not sell or share my personal information. Special operations and avoidance techniques Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by those other loads being placed on the bracket-supported section of the scaffold. Frames and panels shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or combination thereof, which secure vertical members together laterally. fabricated frame scaffold, the mobile scaffold, the tube and coupler scaffold, the system This means that whatever you're working on won't be tilted or sloped in any way. These rules were combined under the umbrella of OSHA. Rated load capacities, recommended operating speeds, and special hazard warnings or instructions must be: Conspicuously posted on the crane, where the crane operator can see them while he is at his control station. Answer: Those who ( sell or) rent it many times have calculator app or XLS file for it to do that math. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. Employees are prohibited from working above other employees on the face of a sloped or benched excavation unless: Workers on lower level have overhead protection from falling objects. Prevent An Expressway Emergency By Merging Without _____. Passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height, are abutting, and walk-through stirrups specifically designed for this purpose are used. Where conditions preclude the attachment of bracing to posts, bracing shall be attached to the runners as close to the post as possible. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Every degree that the scaffold is off leveled will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. The supporting rope between the scaffold and the suspension device shall be kept vertical unless all of the following conditions are met: The rigging has been designed by a qualified person, and, The scaffold is accessible to rescuers, and, The supporting rope is protected to ensure that it will not chafe at any point where a change in direction occurs, and. 2. Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. Ensure the scaffold has not been compromised by snow or ice conditions. Identify the three essential elements of safe scaffold construction, and give at (7) Ribbons shall be erected along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and the outside posts . B. If this is the approach at your job site, then: You must clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. All brace connections shall be secured. D. All of the above. Place suitable sills and make sure there are no holes under the sills. That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! Each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be protected from damage due to contact with edges, corners, protrusions, or other discontinuities of the supporting structure or scaffold components. In addition to the applicable requirements of 1926.451, the following requirements apply to the specific types of scaffolds indicated. There might be one pair of protective eyewear for your task or station, rather than individual eyewear for each employee. Using scaffolds properly can help prevent workplace accidents and injuries. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. Knowing Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. 1. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. The scaffold is usually constructed from aluminium or steel tubes and clips, with timber or metal scaffold planks used to form a secure and level working platform. Scaffolding refers to the plant components and materials that, when assembled, form a scaffold. Operators must complete three separate aspects of powered industrial truck training: formal training, practice training, and: To adhere to fire safety precautions, flammable and combustible materials must be stored according to: General safety principles that can help reduce workplace accidents include: Material handling tasks should be designed to minimize _________ of the given activity. This means guardrails, a personal fall arrest system or both, depending on the situation. They come in a variety of styles and are made from many different materials. Supports for platforms shall be attached directly to the support stirrup and not to any other platform. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Brackets used to support cantilevered loads shall: Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames; Not be bent or twisted from these positions; and. The scaffold assembly must be designed to comply with Local, State and Federal safety requirements. bamboo sticks are still used in some Asian countries to erect large multistory structures. Scaffolds shall not exceed three tiers in height, and shall be so constructed and arranged that one square rests directly above the other. Note: The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on access. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. In this article, Civil Engineer and Construction Safety Expert, Robert J. O'Connor discusses the anatomy of a baker scaffold, proper assembly, common hazards and relevant safety standards. Scaffold support beams shall be installed on edge. Scaffolds must be constructed of suitable structural materials. 10. The support connection shall be arranged so as to prevent the needle beam from rolling or becoming displaced. The checks above are common scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold structure is unsafe. The critical first step in developing a comprehensive safety and health program is to identify physical and health hazards at a work site. D. Static electricity gathers outside the circuit. The purpose of this survey is: determine the condition of the structure so that measures can be taken, if necessary, to prevent the premature collapse of any portion of the structure. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced, prior to receiving the new platforms. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be designed by a registered professional engineer and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because [, A space of at least 3 inches between handrails, or stair rails used as handrails, and other objects. When wood poles are constructed of two continuous lengths, they shall be joined together with the seam parallel to the bracket. Damaged or deteriorated equipment must not be used USA (v. 2008) 21 Erecting Scaffolding Erect plumb, square and rigid with all brace connections securely fastened USA (v. 2008) 22 Tubular Welded-frame Scaffolds Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as erection progresses For mobile scaffolds, use a horizontal diagonal brace, for 7. The body becomes part of the circuit On straight run scaffolds, longitudinal bracing across the inner and outer rows of posts shall be installed diagonally in both directions, and shall extend from the base of the end posts upward to the top of the scaffold at approximately a 45 degree angle. Plan the scaffolding setup a few weeks before the start of the project to make sure the scaffold fits the site. D. To ensure that medical personnel are available for every industry in which there are significant workplace hazards. The frames must be plumb and level and spaced to adequately support the loads. Other common components are scaffold boards and edge protection. The knowledgeable user knows how to select the right scaffold for the Chemical manufacturers and importers must convey the hazard information they learn from their evaluations to downstream employers by means of labels on containers and: Under the new HAZCOM/GHS requirements for Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) they must now have 16 total Sections. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. All joints must be In the United States and Canada, most scaffolds found at jobsites are made of steel, Runners shall extend over a minimum of two poles, and shall be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. The following examp le is based on building a scaffold that is 2.1 x 1.5 m (7 x 5 ft.) x 1 frame high. D. Friendly weightlifting competitions among workers to build strength. Just a few example you can find fast on the interwebs, NFI . aluminum, or less commonly, wood. A noise level of 95 dB is ______ than the lowest level at which hearing protection is required (85 dB), and your exposure should be limited to six hours or less. Which industries are employees potentially exposed to silica dust: Anytime an adapter is used to accommodate a two-hole receptacle, the adapter wire must: If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet: They must be protected by guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems (PFAS). B. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. Splice plates of other materials of equivalent strength may be used. 7. Scaffolds shall be equipped with additional independent support lines, equal in number to the number of points supported, and of equivalent strength to the suspension ropes, and rigged to support the scaffold in the event the suspension rope(s) fail. Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0 m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. Electrocution, electric shock, burns, indirect (e.g., a fall from a ladder). Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. A. Scaffold base must be set on base plates and an adequate sill or pad to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed therto wher required. . A staging area is available. When the pump jack has to pass bracing already installed, an additional brace shall be installed approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) above the brace to be passed, and shall be left in place until the pump jack has been moved and the original brace reinstalled. OSHA MODULE 5 Scaffolds There are many other scaffolds in use as well, each with advantages and The scaffold should be plumb, level and square. Diagonal bracing in both directions shall be installed across the entire outside face of all double- and single-pole scaffolds. B. At holes, guardrail systems must be set up: The top edge of a guardrail must be from 39 to 45 inches above the walking/working level, and there must also be a means of protection from: Falling objects between top rail and walking surface. Make sure a proper access is provided. Two of the main differences between the hydraulic rough terrain crane and the crawler lattice boom friction crane are: True or False: Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards how to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them, and must also prepare a written certification that identifies the employee trained and the date of the training. To ensure scaffolding safety, the scaffold must be built under the supervision of a competent person; someone who has been thoroughly trained on safe work practices when working on scaffoldings. The upper tiers shall stand on a continuous row of planks laid across the next lower tier, and shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement. Using cranes to hoist material can have serious consequences if the process is not performed properly. 4. Introduction c. The Law of Conservation of Matter must be followed. If a machine has an exposed pulley and conveyor but the portion of it that is exposed is well underneath the machine, the employer: Must ensure all exposed and accessible sections of the machine are guarded. Folding type metal brackets, when extended for use, shall be either bolted or secured with a locking-type pin. Scaffold 0c8be2a1 9996-490a-99c0-6ef40baed98a. Couplers shall be of a structural metal, such as drop-forged steel, malleable iron, or structural grade aluminum. This scaffold is simply a rope attached to a harness with an assembly like a boatswains chair for the worker to sit in. Provide guards on power tools and other equipment with moving parts. Secure access to the scaffold. Each bearer shall be securely fastened to the platform. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. Scaffolds shall be stabilized to prevent tipping during movement. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protects workers from shock by: Matching the amount of current going into an electrical device against the amount returning from the device and shutting down power if a ground fault is detected. Power systems used to propel mobile scaffolds shall be designed for such use. Boatswains' chair tackle shall consist of correct size ball bearings or bushed blocks containing safety hooks and properly "eye-spliced" minimum five-eighth (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter first-grade manila rope, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength and durability) of manila rope. Float Scaffold. Insufficient length. A scaffold is a temporary structure specifically erected to support access or working platforms. Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: A. Where wooden poles are spliced, the ends shall be squared and the upper section shall rest squarely on the lower section. C. Any square or rectangular trench with a width that does not exceed 15 feet for construction, the agency estimated that by protecting these millions of workers from Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal Do not abuse or misuse the scaffold equipment. Ensure that all scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for use. D. Armed robots. Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by following five basic safety rules: Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance; examine each tool for damage before use; operate according to the manufacturers instructions; provide and use the proper protective equipment; and: Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more must be: While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of electric equipment or circuits that have been de-energized, the circuits energizing the parts shall be: The two best means of avoiding electrical shock or injury when working with power tools are: The majority of todays power line accidents occur because: Of failure to maintain proper work distances. What the definition of a Suspension scaffolds, one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non rigid means from an overhead structure. [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. 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