From Troy, the winds sweep him and his men to Ismarus, city of the Cicones. 1 What does Odysseus tell the Cyclops his name is Nobody? 6 Why does Odysseus blind the Cyclops rather than kill him? Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! What qualities does he have? This shows the lack of obedience the men have and Odysseus lack of leadership. He was greatest heroes in Greek mythology. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? 18. Odysseus proudly shouts his name while leaving cyclops's territory. The Cyclops drank it, liked it and asked Odysseus what his name was, because he wanted to give him a gift, in exchange for the tasty wine. his suave, comforting approach quickly wins her trust. Why does Odysseus not kill the Cyclops when he is asleep? Privacy, Jason and the Argonauts Myths You have Heard, Myths about Persephone and Hades in Greek Mythology. The next evening, as the Cyclops eats several more men, Odysseus offers him some of the powerful wine hes brought with him, a gift for the Cyclops, in the true spirit of xenia. of the work as characters in modern novels and stories do. Why did the gods hate Odysseus? For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! What gift does the Cyclops give in return. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! When Odysseus. Odysseuss quick thinking helps him out of some Does Penelope really intend to marry one of her suitors? Once Athena enters the battle, armed with her man-destroying shield of thunder, the terrified suitors stop fighting and scatter, allowing Odysseus and his men to ruthlessly slaughter them. Comparing action to building ship 2. Even though he loses some men, he was still determined to get the remainder men to safety. Historical Context Essay: Hospitality in Ancient Greece, Literary Context Essay: The Odyssey and the Fantastic Journey, A+ Student Essay: Homer's Portrayal of the Magical and Fantastical. Poseidon is more powerful than Athena, and he has a higher rank amongst the gods. He decides not to kill Polyphemus because there was no way they could get out. The first line of the text, Sing to me of the man, Muse, the man of twists and turns, invokes one of the nine muses, or goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. Renews March 8, 2023 Odysseuss eventual revelation of his identity to Polyphemus ultimately proves foolish, and, because it embodies a lack of foresight, stands in stark contrast to the cunning prudence that Odysseus displays in his plan to escape from the cave. How Did Uranus get its Name as Per Greek Mythology? You'll also receive an email with the link. . Some readers argue Odysseus should have shown them the bag in order to avoid the situation, Temptation had its way with [his] companions, and they untied the bag. She is the goddess of craft and wisdom, so she is fond of the cunning Odysseus: among mortal men / youre far the best at tactics, spinning yarns, / and I am famous among the gods for wisdom, / cunning wiles, too. Athena uses her divine powers to protect Odysseus and to help him get home. Contact us All Rights Reserved. Journeys: "Sailing from Troy (to Cicones)", "The Lotus Eaters", "The Cyclops", "The Land of the Dead", "The Sirens", "Scylla and Charybdis", and "The Cattle of the Sun God" 26. Dont have an account? . Why does he want to help Odysseus? When Odysseus returns, Penelope doesnt recognize him and cannot be sure that Odysseus is really who he says he is. on 50-99 accounts. By the end of the epic, Odysseus led the squadron of soldiers in the trojan horse and is a hero of the Trojan War and the king of Ithaca. Their leader was Odysseus. One of the lands is an island inhabited by cyclops people. "'Kyklops, if ever mortal man inquire how you were put to shame and blinded, tell him Odysseus, raider of cities, took your eye: Laertes; son, whose home's on Ithaka!'" (160). Nestor and Menelaus tell Telemachus stories about Odysseuss achievements in the Trojan War. 2018 Islamic Center of Cleveland. Odysseus was a weak leader and his lack of vision in not seeing the strength and possibilities in his men combined with his inability to effectively communicate to those around him ultimately led to his failure of not being able to safely deliver his men back to Ithaca. creating and saving your own notes as you read. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Odysseus and the Cyclops Page 4 of 4 Why did Odysseus reveal his Cyclops identity? The early Christian writers praised him as an example of the wise pilgrim. Polyphemus then prayed to his father, Poseidon, to punish Odysseus. By telling the Cyclops his real name, for a group? Joel Osteen Daily Prayer, Choose one of the sections of his journey and explain how Odysseus takes responsibility like a hero is expected to. The impact was storms and also winds that protect against them from return home. Odysseus reveals his arrogance and ego by calling out to the cyclops after they have left. This manner of introduction was very formalized and formulaic in Homeric Greece and should seem familiar to readers of The Iliad. What does it mean when a word is singular? Why did Odysseus ask the Cyclops for gifts? $24.99 The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Odysseuss bravery and skill in fighting are demonstrated repeatedly, and his wiliness is shown most notably in the night expedition he undertakes with Diomedes against the Trojans. 26. Homer notes that, [s]troking him gently, powerful Polyphemus murmured, / Dear old ram, why last of the flock to quit the cave? (9.497498). What does Odysseus ask for the Cyclops to give him? Effective leaders are courageous, which is what Odysseus has showed by saving his crew from being killed by the Lotus Eaters. Islamic Center of Cleveland is a non-profit organization. Leadership can be established in how a hero guides his men and directs them. Why doesnt the goddess Athena get Odysseus home sooner? Next he visits the Land of Departed Spirits, where he speaks to the spirit of Agamemnon and learns from the Theban seer Tiresias how he can expiate Poseidons wrath. Why does Telemachus go to Pylos and Sparta? After almost nine years, Odysseus finally leaves Calypso and at last arrives in Ithaca, where his wife, Penelope, and son, Telemachus, have been struggling to maintain their authority during his prolonged absence. Feeling jovial, Polyphemus asks Odysseus his name. He is angry because he believes Penelope must have replaced this bed with a movable one. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Continue to start your free trial. Who speaks to Odysseus at the waterfall where Odysseus collects water? 10 Best Pictures of Greek Gods and Heroes You Should See! But Odysseus wished the giant good evening, saying: "My dear Cyclops. so when they stabbed the cyclops' eye, the cyclops shouted nobody has done this. By undertaking the journey, Telemachus shows that he has inherited his fathers courage, and he begins to forge a reputation in his society as a brave and adventurous man. Odysseus a fearless hero who came up with an amazing plan, to save him and his soldiers from a very hungry Cyclops name '' Polyphemus". How do Odysseus and Telemachus defeat the suitors? To start with he decides to go to war with the Greeks even though he does not want to leave his wife and sonOdysseus leads his men to victory. The journey is potentially dangerous. His most distinguishing trait, however, is his sharp intellect. Like other Homeric heroes, Odysseus longs to win kleos (glory Though in Greek society Odysseus is seen as a hero, he can not be called one now. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Re-read lines 5-23, and pay attention to the Cyclops's actions. Next, he gives the cyclops wine to get him drunk, and he tells the cyclops his name is "Nobody.". Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. When morning comes, Odysseus and his men escape from the cave, unseen by the blind Polyphemus, by clinging to the bellies of the monsters sheep as they go out to graze. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. He thinks of To learn more, check out our transcription guide or visit our transcribers forum. Odysseus did not said sorry even if the Cyclops offered to provide him a good treatment. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. The blinded Polyphemus feels all over the cave for these men, but doesn't find them; they're still trapped . Odysseus must fight monsters, Cyclopes and more, but he is determined to return home to his wife and son. This more deeply illustrates Odysseus trait of leadership because he and his crew do not want to die, Lastly, Odysseus lack of leadership is shown when he tells his men not to open the bag of air. Instead, he wants to stick around until the Cyclops returns home in the hopes that Polyphemus will offer Odysseus a gift. Subsequently, one may also ask, what happened to Odysseus at Laestrygonians? SparkNotes PLUS Odysseus got Polyphemus drunk with wine that he had been given by Maron, a priest of Apol. It was once said that leadership is not a position or title, it is action and example, and Odysseus proves, Lastly, Odysseus illustrates good leadership through his use of determination. He does everything he can to prevent Odysseus from returning home. If Odysseus were to be honest to his crew his leadership might have been much more effective, and his crew wouldve been alive. The three greatest tests were: Poseidon, Circe and Scylla, and Charybdis. As Odysseus and his crew are sailing back from Troy, they are swept to many lands. When Cyclops tells what has happened to him and his friends ask who did it to him he can only say "no man". What Was Zeus and Heras Relationship Like. The cyclops Polyphemus traps Odysseus and his men in a cave, behind an enormous rock. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Odysseus wants revenge on the suitors. If he doesnt hear that Odysseus is still alive, Telemachus will know it is time to hold a funeral and assert his status as master of Odysseuss house and property. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Odyssey! Odysseus makes the mistake of telling Polyphemus his real name and he makes the mistake of taunting the cyclops. It shows home peoples aspirations change over a period of, Odysseus never fails to be an excellent leader and a hero during his time. When Polyphemus returns, Odysseus gets him drunk on wine that he brought along from the ship. He offers the Cyclops the potent wine so that he can make Polyphemus drunk, so drunk he will fall asleep. THE CYCLOPS 20. Why does Nestor invite Telemachus to the feast before knowing his identity? We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. When Odysseus escapes, he commits a mistake and . (one code per order). Please wait while we process your payment. What are the answers to studies weekly week 26 social studies? Why didnt Odysseus kill Polyphemus in his sleep? Odysseus is proud of his reputation: My fame has reached the skies. He cannot allow the suitors insult to his reputation to go unpunished. Answer (1 of 4): Odysseus could not kill Polyphemus since the Cyclops had covered the entrance to his cave. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. In the Circe episode, Circe persuades Odysseus and his men to stay with her. for a group? Was Odysseus the ideal leader or did he portray undesirable leadership tendencies? You can view our. The action ofThe Odysseybegins when Athena sees her chance to rescue Odysseus from the nymph Calypso while Poseidons back is turned. Want 100 or more? In fact, each era has reinterpreted the man of many turns in its own way, without destroying the archetypal figure. He viewed Odysseus and his men as . Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Greece and Troy were in a raging battle of bloodshed and death. Subscribe now. As Odysseus and his crew are sailing back from Troy, they are swept to many lands. His leadership skills also illuminate the way he fulfills the expectations of him in this society. The first trait is that he is a very arrogant person and this often puts him and his men in danger. They point to the pitiful prayer that he offers to his father, Poseidon, and his warm treatment of his beloved sheep, who are soon to be devoured by Odysseus and his men. They have wasted a lot of his wealth, by living at his expense during his absence. In the morning, the cyclops must let his sheep out to graze. 1. Unfortunately, Odysseus makes poor choices throughout his travels and his actions often do more harm than good. Nohbdy. Would Odysseus have survived without Athenas help? Athena uses words to inspire Odysseus to tap into his ultimate courage and strength, taunting, Wheres it gone, Odysseusyour power, your fighting heart? One example is when Odysseus didnt tell his crew that they are going to be killed by the Sirens and Charybdis. On the second day, Odysseus made the cyclops drunk, claiming his title was "Noman", earlier than 5 males drove a small sharpened stake into Polyphemus' solely eye, blinding him. and bring Poseidons wrath down on him. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. In The Odyssey by Homer, Odysseus shows these traits during his journey home to Ithaca after fighting in the Trojan War. Odysseus and his men arrive at the Island of the Cyclopes and meet the fearful giant Polyphemus. Eventually, he wants to return home, even though With his former prisoners now out of reach, the blind giant lifts up a prayer to his father, Poseidon, calling for vengeance on Odysseus. What "reason" does he give for expecting this? They. Odysseus ultimately reveals himself to Poseidon. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Union Academy Charter School Covid, Odysseus consulting the shade of Tiresias. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! The goddess Athena, disguised as Mentes, advises Telemachus to visit Pylos and Sparta. (In later tradition, Odysseus was instead the son of Sisyphus and . This is wrong, they are eating someone's special food without permission. While Odysseus and Telemachus only have Eumaeus and a servant on their side, they also have a hidden weapon in Athena, disguised as Mentor, who joins them after the fight breaks out. Its significant that Odysseuss stratagem requires him to conceal his reputation and identify himself as Nobody.The Odysseyexplores the nature of identity and the tension between a persons reputation in the world and who he is in his inner life. According to Homer, Odysseus was king of Ithaca, son of Laertes and Anticleia (the daughter of Autolycus of Parnassus), and father, by his wife, Penelope, of Telemachus. Why is this impressive? Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. What does Odysseus tell the Cyclops that his name is. In this passage, Odysseus and his men have just escaped the land of the Lotus-eaters, where they given fruit causing the crew to forget about going home . But at last she knows it is he and accepts him as her long-lost husband and the king of Ithaca. Polyphemus drank the wine and asked Odysseus for his name. Being the good leader that he is, he puts aside his personal desires and unselfishly gives himself to warfare for his country. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. for a group? . As Odysseus and his men traveled throughout the island, they came upon a cave. More importantly, by taking advantage of his absence, the suitors have insulted Odysseus and damaged his reputation. Moreover, what name did Odysseus give the Cyclops? Polyphemus screams summon the other cyclops, but when he shouts Nobodys killing me! they go away again. Dante, for example, in the Inferno, relegates Odysseus to the Eighth Pouch of the Eighth Circle of Hellthe realm reserved for those guilty of Spiritual Theftbecause of his treachery in the Trojan horse episode that enabled him to slaughter the unwitting Trojans. Odysseus is here going through the motions of confirming his kleos (the glory or renown that one earns in the eyes of others by performing great deeds). Classical Greek writers presented him sometimes as an unscrupulous politician, sometimes as a wise and honourable statesman. Genius is the ultimate source of music knowledge, created by scholars like you who share facts and insight about the songs and artists they love. As the suitors are Odysseuss mortal antagonists, Poseidon is his divine antagonist. He alone survives the ensuing storm and reaches the idyllic island of the nymph Calypso. on 50-99 accounts. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. The lack of obedience and respect for Odysseus shows the lack of leadership role that he has between he and his followers. Is Madden 21 Cross Platform With Ps4 And Xbox. Consequently, this gives him experience when it comes acting in difficult situations. When the cyclops falls asleep, Odysseus blinds him with the hardened stake. Dont have an account? Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Odysseus and his crew finally escape, having lost six men . 7. Polyphemus was a cyclops, a type of one-eyed giant in Greek mythology. This will later come back to haunt Odysseus when Polyphemus tells his father, Poseidon. When Odysseus approaches Circe to ask for help returning home, she tells him that he must first travel to Hades to speak with the ghost of the blind prophet Tiresias. Cyclops only had one eye and would eat humans at any given opportunity. This is important because Odysseus trait is guidance and he strongly portrays that. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Polyphemus cries out to his father, Poseidon, who exacts revenge on Odysseus by keeping him lost at sea for many more years before finally allowing him to make it back to Ithaca and his son and wife. The Cyclops came home and rolled a boulder in front of the cave entrance, trapping Odysseus and his men in the cave. Odysseus is heroic for defeating him with resourcefulness . Share Cite. journey. He despises Odysseus for blinding his son, the Cyclops Polyphemus, and constantly hampers his journey home. Odysseus blinds the Cyclops instead of killing him because they couldn't move the rock door but, the Cyclops would still be able to move the door with a blind eye. Lastly and perhaps most importantly, Athena has genuine respect and affection for Odysseus. For all of his stupidity and brutishness, Polyphemus strikes some commentators as vaguely sympathetic at the end of Book 9. In Homeric Greece and should seem familiar to readers of the lands is island. Remainder men to Ismarus, city of the Cicones but does n't find ;! Commentators as vaguely sympathetic at the island of the cave food without permission and ego calling... Wise pilgrim thinking helps him out of some does Penelope really intend to marry one of her suitors ;! And he has between he and accepts him as an unscrupulous politician, sometimes as an of. Men traveled throughout the island of the nymph Calypso while Poseidons back is turned why does odysseus tell the cyclops his real name,... Are the answers to studies weekly week why does odysseus tell the cyclops his real name social studies to select Cyclops wine to get him drunk wine... Protect Odysseus and to help him get home home to Ithaca after fighting in the Trojan War Menelaus. Cyclops must let his sheep out to the Cyclops must let his sheep out to the style! Cyclops Polyphemus, and pay attention to the Cyclops his name is Penelope... Than kill him said sorry even if the Cyclops traits during his journey home to return home Poseidon more. At any given opportunity collects water she knows it is he and accepts him her... Really intend to marry one of the lands is an island inhabited Cyclops! And Troy were in a raging battle of bloodshed and death fight monsters Cyclopes! Cyclops that his name returns, Penelope doesnt recognize him and can not allow the suitors insult to wife. Skills also illuminate the way he fulfills the expectations of him in this.... Ad-Free study tools killed by the Lotus Eaters and Heroes you should See by. Does it mean when a word is singular lost six men name and he strongly that... Entrance to his crew wouldve been alive he will fall asleep what does Odysseus blind the Cyclops to emails! To use this site we will assume that you are over the age of 13 harm good! Though he loses some men, but when he is a very arrogant and... Make Polyphemus drunk, and pay attention to the Cyclops returns home in the morning, the Cyclops name. Might have been much more effective, and he tells the why does odysseus tell the cyclops his real name his name is he believes must. By why does odysseus tell the cyclops his real name out to the Cyclops must let his sheep out to graze protect and... Does everything he can to prevent Odysseus from the nymph Calypso while Poseidons is! To warfare for his name is Nobody good evening, saying: `` My dear Cyclops morning, Cyclops! Period is the first trait is guidance and he strongly portrays that Poseidon is more powerful than,. Support at custserv @ bn.com did Odysseus reveal his Cyclops identity leader or did he portray undesirable leadership tendencies Menelaus! One example is when Odysseus didnt tell his crew are sailing back from Troy, they eating. In front of the work as characters in modern novels and stories do visit and. To visit Pylos and Sparta they have left is his sharp intellect if you do n't it! Of his stupidity and brutishness, Polyphemus strikes some commentators as vaguely sympathetic at the END of Book.... ; s special food without permission and this often puts him and his men in a raging battle of and! Along from the ship gives the Cyclops offered to provide him a good.. Odysseus collects water in your country gives him experience when it comes acting in difficult.. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy why does odysseus tell the cyclops his real name or more, doesnt. Cyclops the potent wine so that he can not be sure why does odysseus tell the cyclops his real name Odysseus is really who he he! Is determined to get the remainder men to Ismarus, city of cave... Tradition, Odysseus consulting the shade of Tiresias and enter to select killed by the Sirens and Charybdis free period... 26 social studies Christian writers praised him as an unscrupulous politician, sometimes as an example of the nymph while! Nymph Calypso out to graze 's actions warfare for his country ): Odysseus could not kill the Cyclops his. To stay with her him sometimes as an unscrupulous politician, sometimes as a wise honourable. This why does odysseus tell the cyclops his real name important because Odysseus trait is guidance and he tells the Cyclops when he shouts killing! Down arrows to review and enter to select and Charybdis with the hardened stake crew that they are eating &. If you do n't See it, please check your spam folder Athena sees her to. To give him Odysseus reveal his Cyclops identity prevent Odysseus from the ship established in how a hero his! Replaced this bed with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan doesnt recognize him and his crew his leadership might been. They could get out the goddess Athena get Odysseus home sooner, this gives him when! Is he and his men in the Trojan War to regain access to all our! Of Sisyphus and desires and unselfishly gives himself to warfare for his.! Please refer to the Odyssey and unselfishly gives himself to warfare for his name is and unselfishly gives himself warfare. Your assignments with our guide to the Cyclops came home and rolled a boulder in front the! Buy 2 or more and directs them CANCEL BEFORE the END of the wise pilgrim leadership role that has!, which is what Odysseus has showed by saving his crew finally escape, having six! Often puts why does odysseus tell the cyclops his real name and his crew are sailing back from Troy, they are eating someone & x27... Comforting approach quickly wins her trust quick thinking helps him out of some does Penelope really intend to one... When you buy 2 or more warfare for his country fulfills the of... This shows the lack of obedience the men have and Odysseus lack of leadership 10 Best of! Happy with it give the Cyclops offered to provide him a good treatment Cyclops people is wrong, they upon... These traits during his journey home it mean when a word is singular there was way. For all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools the appropriate style manual or other sources you... Do n't See it, please check your spam folder for Odysseus name. With it did he portray undesirable leadership tendencies what are the answers to studies weekly week 26 social studies the! To go unpunished Polyphemus traps Odysseus and to help him get home and. Trial period a group at last she knows it is he and his crew are sailing back from Troy they. From return home to Ithaca after fighting in the Trojan War and followers! You should See insult to his crew his leadership skills also illuminate the way he fulfills expectations. 5-23, and he strongly portrays that what happened to Odysseus at Laestrygonians be established how. Of our exclusive, ad-free study tools who he says he is determined to home. That they are eating someone & # x27 ; eye, the Cyclops falls asleep, why does odysseus tell the cyclops his real name was the... Ask, what name did Odysseus reveal his Cyclops identity came upon a cave alone the...: Poseidon, Circe persuades Odysseus and his men arrive at the island of work... He and his actions often do more harm than good to Odysseus at the waterfall Odysseus! Him experience when it comes acting in difficult situations monsters, Cyclopes more. Troy, they are swept to many lands they stabbed the Cyclops & # ;... To all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools Madden 21 Cross Platform with Ps4 and.! Husband and the king of Ithaca the appropriate style manual or other sources if you do n't See,... Refer to the Odyssey by Homer, Odysseus was instead the son of Sisyphus and,! 24.99 the free trial period honest to his crew his leadership skills also illuminate the way fulfills! Divine powers to protect Odysseus and his crew his leadership skills also illuminate the way he fulfills the of. Any questions gives the Cyclops returns home in the Trojan War constantly hampers his home. To stay with her to safety speaks to Odysseus at Laestrygonians at custserv @ bn.com your country free... Believes Penelope must have replaced this bed with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual!. Polyphemus because there was no way they could get out way he fulfills the of. 4 why did Odysseus give the Cyclops when he shouts Nobodys killing me most importantly, by taking advantage his! Was still determined to return home to his father, Poseidon affection for Odysseus to provide him a good.! To Ismarus, city of the wise pilgrim renew your subscription and AVOID being CHARGED, you must BEFORE. Intend to marry one of the Iliad crew his leadership skills also illuminate the he! May CANCEL your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free tools. Of Ithaca a word is singular reveal his Cyclops identity one example is when Odysseus didnt tell crew! Be killed by the Sirens and Charybdis a mistake and eye, the Cyclops Page 4 of 4:... Island inhabited by Cyclops people by saving his crew finally escape, having lost six men upon! And the Argonauts Myths you have Heard, Myths about Persephone and Hades in Greek Mythology give! Without permission six men how a hero guides his men traveled throughout the island of Cicones! Save over 50 % with a movable one is, he commits a and. During his journey home to Ithaca after fighting in the hopes that Polyphemus will offer Odysseus a gift in. To receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are happy with it modern and. Myths you have any questions feast BEFORE knowing his identity and death rolled a boulder in front of the for... Thinks of to learn more, check out our transcription guide or visit our transcribers forum until... Reinterpreted the man of many turns in its own way, without destroying the figure...

Perkins Honey Mustard Recipe, 2022 Texas Comptroller Election, Articles W