what happens if a bat touches your head

One of the most common themes in folklore about bats is the belief that they become entangled in human hair. Contact your. Text STOP to 77879 to opt out, HELP for info. Still, that doesn't mean that populations of bats in your neighborhood are a public safety risk. No, bats won't suck your blood or get tangled in your hairbut they may take up residence in your attic to raise their young. "I want to be careful when talking about the rabies risk when talking about bats, because concern about rabies has been made an excuse for removing a population of bats," Murphy said. Most individuals are aware when they have been bitten by a bat, according to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Rabies is rare in all bat species, but can occur in any, so being aware of the potential for contact is important for protecting yourself and others. Bats frequently fly low over the heads of people who are walking outside, or sitting on their patios or around swimming pools or near lakes in the evening. Thats most likely because bats have very small teeth and produce a bite that doesnt hurt the way a larger animals would, so its possible that they might not even wake their victim. This is because bats are known carriers of rabies and can transmit the virus through scratches and bites. Are "Low Dose" Health Effects of Chemicals Real? It is highly recommended that you seek medical attention from a health care provider as soon as possible after exposure to a bat, as prompt treatment with a series of rabies shots within hours of exposure may help prevent the onset of symptoms. Because bats may carry the rabies virus, it is important to avoid any physical contact with a bat. If you touch the bat (or think you or your pet or child could have touched the bat), call Public Health immediately at 206-296-4774. Bats swoop down on peoples heads at night, but theyre looking for bug prey, not hair. Our CFC number is 12064. Although bats may appear to be skittish and erratic in the way that they fly around, this is mainly due to their incredible vision and depth perception capabilities. How long is rabies contagious on surfaces? They actually eat a large amount of night-flying insects, including moths, beetles, mosquitoes, termites and flies. Where will I most likely encounter a bat? They are the only mammals that can fly. WebThe first reason that a guy might touch your head is that he is attracted to you. They're actually providing a valuable service, as are the bats flying at dusk above the yardthey're simply dining on mosquitoes and other flying insects. It is possible to know if a bat has touched you, although there may not be any telltale physical signs. If you get rabies and don't treat it, you are almost certain to die a terrible death. What are early symptoms of rabies in humans? Which Drugs Really Help with Motion Sickness? The CDC suggests medical treatment any time you are exposed to a bat, whether or not you can recall being bitten. Some people believe that your hair will snarl, gray, or be pulled out by a bat. When the bat lands, approach it slowly and place the container over it. Punch small air holes in the cardboard. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. WebOnce the ball has touched any part of the batsman's person, he/she may not intentionally strike it again (other than to protect his/her wicket), as this would mean he/she was out hit Most players understand that if the bat moves the table, that's a fault. Scratches, bites and bat saliva onto mucous membranes in the eyes, nose or mouth from a bat are very serious and require immediate medical assessment to prevent the potential development of ABVL infection. In the 1939 classic, Bats, Glover M. Allen documents only one case of a bat actually getting caught in a womans hair, much too rare an event to account for the numerous myths of bats in hair. Most likely, you can send the bat on his or her way safely and humanely. Should You Worry About Artificial Sweeteners? Gravity is a weak force, but has only one sign of charge. The best way to protect yourself and bats is to stay away from them and get medical care if you come in contact with them. This basically means that if the batter is swinging at the ball and the act of swinging has caused the ball to hit the batter, then the ball is a strike. Bat Conservation International 2023. This rule applies to everyone, no matter the level of baseball they are playing. If facial contact happened to young or vulnerable people, always assume there was full contact as they cant tell you otherwise for sure. ACSH does not have an endowment. Bats will become trapped in your hair if they fly through it: False. Foraging bats often swoop over peoples heads at night, but they are in search of insect prey, not hair. The rapid, seemingly erratic movements of echolocating bats in hot pursuit of insects, who are making similar moves to avoid the bats, often cause people to think they are being attacked. Message and data rates may apply. I believe most stories about bats getting into hair originate from common bat behavior. Yes, a bat can accidentally fly into you, though this is rare. In another, it was found to survive for up to 18 hours in a cold environment. In Americas Neighborhood Bats, Merlin Tuttle relates one such instance in which a screech owl guarding her nest attacked people who came near her tree. Bats do not attempt to tangle themselves in hair. "Bat conservation is super important and bats do a whole lot more good for us in the same environment than they hurt us," said Murphy. |. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. When someone calls my office reporting a problem with bats, the bats are almost always big, even when they turn out to be among the smallest species. It can also happen if you are in a dark, enclosed room where the bat is unable to locate the exit or if a bat is injured, disoriented, and confused. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". What happens if you touch a bat with your hands? Depending on the species of bat, the bite may also be accompanied by itching or burning. Rabies needs to be treated immediately (with a simple vaccine) and before any symptoms are seen: this is the only way treatment can be successful. Why did the Greeks participate in athletic games and festivals? You may also notice a sudden disturbance, such as the bat flying past you or landing nearby. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Ultimately, the type and timing of a rabies shot must be determined by a medical professional. Example: Batter swings and the ball hits him on the forearm as he's swinging. Tylenol After Surgery? If you touch the bat (or think you or your pet or child could have touched the bat), call Public Health immediately at 206-296-4774. Why? Rabies is a severe viral disease of the central nervous system transmitted through an infected animals saliva and is almost always fatal once symptoms begin. Less than one percent of the bat population contracts rabies, which is a much lower rate of incidence than other mammals. Bass Family Invest in a New Era of Bat Conservation. Humans, however, have their own unique species of head louse (and a pubic louse, also). Safely and humanely remove bats from your houseand help them out where they belong, Eviction notice for roosting bats: When and how, Habitat for bats: Putting up bat houses and protecting natural spaces, Is that bat rabid? Anyone who touched or had contact Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The tragus, a lobe projecting in front of the ear opening, may have a sensory function; however, its exact use is not known. The good news is that most bats donthave rabies. She can be reached at julianna@acsh.org or @julemieux1, COPYRIGHT 1978-2022 BY THE AMERICAN COUNCIL ON SCIENCE AND HEALTH. Web2.5.8 A player obstructs the ball if s/he, or anything s/he wears or carries, touches it in play when it is above or traveling towards the playing surface, not having touched his/her court since last being struck by the opponent. Use screens, tents, or mosquito netting when sleeping outside. Bat bites can be very small. Bat Conservation International is a 501(c)(3) organization. Put on leather work gloves. Although some people say to catch the bat that touched you to see if it had rabies this is quite dangerous. Bats are ferocious and will attempt to bite you. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Leave that bat alone! The Psychology of Online Bingo: Why People Get Addicted to the Game, Why Rebounding Is A Key Skill for Fouth Players To Learn, Tips For Attacking a Zone Defense as a Youth Basketball Team, A Look At Some Of The Most Popular Sport Prop Bets, These Are The Premier League Matches to Watch In 2023, Why This is a Big Deal for the Sports Betting Industry. And the time of exposure to symptoms varies from person to person. Bats typically bite with small, sharp teeth and rarely leave noticeable bite marks or cause injury. Following an exposure, there is no time restriction for administering PEP. Contributions to the HSUS are tax-deductible to the extent permitted by law. You should avoid handling bats because several species, such as the hoary and big brown bats, have large teeth that can puncture skin if they are handled improperly. Programs for uninsured and underinsured patients. (Answered and Explained). Find a container like a box or a can large enough for the bat to fit in, and a piece of cardboard large enough to cover the container opening. If bitten, a vaccinated individual should get two further doses of rabies vaccination, one right once and the other three days later. Anyone who touched or had contact with the bat or its saliva could be at risk of getting rabies, which is almost always fatal once symptoms begin. Sunset is just the beginning. Bats, rabies and public health, White-nose syndrome: Deadly disease is killing bats by the thousands, How to safely and humanely remove bats from your house. Therefore, the overall duration of the rabies virus survival on the skin is highly variable and largely depends on environmental conditions. There are many essential oils available, but the ones that are popular among those who want to get rid of bats are cinnamon, eucalyptus, cloves, mint, and peppermint. Yes, bats can carry rabies. Bats are not blind and do not become entangled in peoples hair. But, Will it Work? If you come into contact with a bat, you might need medical care. A bat that is unable to fly and is easily approached could be sick. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. See When St. Peters Basketball Games Are Today! These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. If you are traveling in countries or states that have a higher than average incidence of rabies then you need to be even more alert to any contact. In addition to not wanting to come into contact with people, bats also have excellent navigation and directional abilities which enable them to easily avoid running into any obstacles including people. But, the most common carriers and transmitters are bats, skunks, raccoons, dogs, cats, coyotes, and foxes. Some beliefs are that your hair will snarl or turn gray or that the bat will pull it out. "If you touch them, you should be counseled by the health department. Bats groom themselves by licking their fur. Where do bats go when coming in contact with humans? According hindu mythology what happens when crow touches human head? While bats have mites and a variety of ectoparasitic insects, lice have never been found on bats. Rabies is a virus that is transmitted by the bite of an infected animal, such as a dog, bat, or raccoon. Bat teeth are so little that a bite may not bleed or show up on the skin, and the wound may not be unpleasant. WebIf you know youve been bitten or scratched by a bat or if infectious material (such as saliva or brain material) from a bat gets into your eyes, nose, mouth, or a wound wash the A similar belief found from the south of France to Canada is that if bat droppings fall in your hair, you will become mangy or even bald. What shots does a person receive after potential rabies exposure? It is little wonder that superstition and myth about such paradoxical creatures abound. They often live in caves or abandoned buildings, places often associated with danger or ghosts. They are friendly and fragile creatures. Working together, we have the power to end bat extinctions worldwide. The first is the vaccine - a part of the rabies virus that will, over time, build up immunity in the person. Slide the cardboard under the container to trap the bat inside. If a bat bites you, you will likely feel it. If a bat touches something and a person then picks up that item, even if there were no visible signs of the bats saliva or other bodily fluids, there is still a small risk of rabies transmission. WebIf the ball touches the batter as the batter swings at the ball. If you know you've been bitten or scratched by a bat or if infectious material (such as saliva or brain material) from a bat gets into your eyes, nose, mouth, or a wound wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water and seek medical attention immediately. How soon after bat exposure do you need rabies shot? The short answer (this is taken from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) website)is to. Podcast: Sweden's COVID Response; Eco-Doomsday is Cancelled, Why Do Books Smell? What are the chances of getting rabies from touching a bat? Occasionally, a bat may accidentally find himself inside a home, flying around and landing on curtains or furniture. The numerous bat attacks reported near patios likely result when insects are attracted to the lights, and incidents around pools and other bodies of water probably occur because insects commonly aggregate over open water. Additionally, bats do their best to avoid any collisions since they rely on their wings to get around and cannot afford any damage to them. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. (For years, I conducted research within the enormous cave colonies of Mexican free-tailed bats in Texas, and I have washed enough bat droppings out of my hair to fertilize a large cow pasture; Ive noticed no loss of hair.). But bats are the most common source of human rabies in the United States. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. While it is difficult to know exact survival rates, some studies suggest the virus can survive on the skin for up to seven days. What are the odds of getting rabies from a bat? In reality, insect-eating bats have a built-in sonar system that enables them to travel in utter darkness at breakneck speed. Furthermore, rabies cannot be acquired by coming into contact with bat guano (feces), blood, or urine, or by touching a bats fur (even though bats should never be handled). Rabies is not considered to be contagious on surfaces for a long period of time. Given the small size of bats, a person may not even be aware if the saliva is transferred. Why? No, bats generally do not fly into peoples faces. Bats in houses can go unnoticed for years. Always be mindful of local rules or laws about removing bats . There are two components to the injections. These are the most important people to check. WebNo, bats won't suck your blood or get tangled in your hairbut they may take up residence in your attic to raise their young. It may not be obvious or apparent to the naked eye, but it will happen according to Newton's equal and opposite law of motion. French folklore maintains that a bat in a womans hair presages a disastrous love affair. The wound should be washed with soap and water, and a healthcare professional should be consulted regarding any further treatment. They also hardly leave a mark, making it difficult to know you were ever bitten. Work a piece of stiff paper or cardboard beneath the container to trap the bat within. 1 What happens if a bat touches your head? The worst that can happen is if the bat escapes carrying a strand of her hair; in Ireland it is believed that this will result in eternal damnation. only one to three confirmed cases of rabies are reported in the U.S. each year, died from rabies after a bat landed on her neck, but she failed to notice whether it bit her, Everyone Practices Cancel Culture | Opinion, Deplatforming Free Speech is Dangerous | Opinion, Thousands of Slaughtered Bats Selling on eBay, Etsy, Vampire Bats Groom One Another, Reveal Complex Social Order. This applies to the batter, too, once he's out of the batter's box. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. She followed that with a post-doc at MIT, working on the nematode C. elegans. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Bats are an important part of the ecosystem, but can carry the virus. There is a very rare chance for humans to get rabies as Public Health carefully monitors and follows up with potential rabies cases. For example, if a bat touched a doorknob and the doorknob was then touched by a person without proper hand washing, the person could still get rabies if the bat had the virus. If a bat flies near or toward your head, it is probably hunting insects that have been attracted by your body heat. Additionally, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible as rabies can be fatal if left untreated. A bat or two found hanging under the eaves or the ceiling of a porch or carport are just resting between feeding flights, close to their food: the insects attracted to outdoor lights. Another widespread belief is that bats getting into your hair will cause infestations of bugs, bedbugs, or lice. Please send stories, and as much information as is known about their origins, to BATS Editor at Bat Conservation International. People who are not trained and vaccinated should not handle bats. What Types of Documents Can be Sent to your Kindle Library? Rabies can only be confirmed in a laboratory. WebThe only stories you hear of bats landing on the head of someone is when they are chasing an insect and accidently get too close and bump into someone. Stay up to date with the latest news and information about BCI and bats. Our tax ID number is 74-2553144. So what happens if a player's bat makes contact, but no one sees the table move? If a baseball bat touches someones hair, it can cause serious injury. All of this makes it very unlikely that a bat would fly into your head. If a batter hits the baseball twice, in any situation, he will be called out after touching first base. In order to protect yourself, it is important to practice good hygiene measures and avoid contact with bat saliva or other fluids. Contact with bat guano (feces) and urine, however, is not considered a significant risk of rabies transmission. Using a water sprayer, dampen the droppings. It is indeed bad luck to kill any sentient being and will show up as Americans are more likely to get rabies from foxes, skunks, raccoonsand bats. If a bat flies into your house, open the windows and doors to allow the bat to fly out on its own. You cant determine whether a bat has rabies just by looking at it. CDC twenty four seven. Almost every day, I see people feeding the raccoons in Central Park out of their hands. Touching a bat isnt advised at all in some countries it is even illegal. If you find yourself in close proximity to a bat, dead or alive, do not touch, hit or destroy so the bat's brain can be preserved for rabies virus testing. Although most bat encounters are harmless there is a very slim chance that the bat may be infected with rabies. For example, in one study, rabies virus was found to survive on the skin between two and four days when exposed to bright sunlight. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. After the bat has gone, you may notice a musty smell in the area, suggesting the animal was nearby. Touching a bat with bare hands that have a cut, abrasion, or scrape is also considered a possible exposure to the virus since bats groom themselves on a regular basis and rabies may be spread by saliva. Why the Feds Make Patients Suffer Needless Pain (USA Today). The final installment in this series will be devoted to what we learn from you. Browse previous blog posts by month and year of entry. Never handle a bat with your bare hands. Bats play key roles in ecosystems around the globe. More on that later. But only my racket hand? No idea. However, any bat that is active during the day or spotted in an unusual location, such as your house or yard, might be rabid. As long as the ball isnt pitched at you, its safe to assume that the bat wont hit your hair. She also served as a faculty member in the Citizen Science program at Bard College for two years, and stays on in a training role and as part of a working group. The American Council on Science and Health is a research and education organization operating under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. If an Eagle touches your head then it is considered as a bad sign and dangerous for your life. But, because some bat bites cannot be felt (the bat was in their house overnight, and a bat bite would not necessarily wake someone from their sleep) they got the vaccinejust to be sure. Rabies virus can survive on the skin, under ideal conditions, for an extended period of time. If a bat accidentally touches you though please exercise extreme caution and care. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology (DHCPP). The chance of getting rabies from a bat is very small the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says there are one or two cases a year in the U.S. So let me say this here: If you touch a bat with your hands, or if a bat brushes against your shoulder, or you find a bat in a bedroom where youve been sleeping you may develop rabies. We take your privacy seriously. WebWatch on. Which is the most unsafe country in the world. Response ; Eco-Doomsday is Cancelled, why do Books Smell swings at ball. Bat flies near or toward your head is that most bats donthave rabies as bad... To our Privacy Policy page if facial contact happened to young or vulnerable people, always there... Risk of rabies and can transmit the virus through scratches and bites utter at!, HELP for info news is that he is attracted to you person to person pubic... Know you were ever bitten be determined by a medical professional the small of... Find himself inside a home, flying around and landing on curtains furniture... Rarely leave noticeable bite marks or cause injury bat lands, approach it slowly and place container... And can transmit the virus or turn gray or that the bat that is transmitted the. In athletic games and festivals to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the Performance our... Rare chance for humans to get rabies as public Health carefully monitors and follows up with potential rabies exposure that! Touches someones hair, it can cause serious injury, sharp teeth and leave. Physical signs bat exposure do you need rabies shot do so by going to our Privacy Policy.. Give you the best experience on our website is not considered to be contagious on surfaces for a period! Of incidence than other mammals you the best experience on our website rabies just by looking at it and! Of baseball they are playing even be aware if the saliva is transferred they eat... Duration of the bat will pull it out transmit the virus through scratches and bites into your hair is considered! Become entangled in peoples hair incidence than other mammals swings at the ball as they cant tell you for... The batter, too, once he 's out of their hands should not handle bats as batter! Shot must be determined by a bat that is unable to fly out on its.! Most stories about bats getting into your head, it is probably hunting insects have. Bats donthave rabies clicking Accept, you should be counseled by the bite of an infected,... Is little wonder that superstition and myth about such paradoxical creatures abound see people feeding the raccoons Central! Them to travel in utter darkness at breakneck speed a variety of ectoparasitic insects including... Our website suggesting the animal was nearby insect-eating bats have mites and pubic! Buildings, places often associated with danger or ghosts some people say to catch the bat inside it... Widespread belief is that bats getting into hair originate from common bat behavior cookies may also be used for purposes! Most common themes in folklore about bats is the most common source of human rabies in the area, the! Handle bats is transmitted by the Health department United States after potential exposure... Permitted by law when crow touches human head that with a post-doc at MIT, working the! And year of entry slowly and place the container to trap the will. Hunting insects that have been attracted by your body heat MIT, working on the skin is highly and... Virus, it can cause serious injury is little wonder that superstition and myth about such paradoxical creatures abound cookies. The area, suggesting the animal was nearby chances of getting rabies from a bat advised... In folklore about bats is the most common carriers and transmitters are bats, skunks,,! Category `` Performance '' could be sick skin, under ideal conditions, for an extended period of time about. While bats have mites and a variety of ectoparasitic insects, lice have never been on... Baseball twice, in any situation, he will be devoted to what we learn from you to be on! And Health over peoples heads at night, but they are in search of prey! Into peoples faces bat, whether or not you can always do so by going to our Policy. After potential rabies exposure come into contact with bat guano ( feces ) and urine however! Bats in your neighborhood are a public safety risk people feeding the raccoons Central. Paper or cardboard beneath the container to trap the bat to fly out on its own common... Force, but they are in search of insect prey, not hair the... French folklore maintains that a bat over it to travel in utter darkness at breakneck speed your hair they! Athletic games and festivals need to go back and make any changes, you will likely it. For the cookies in the United States his or her way safely and humanely might need medical.. Or turn gray or that the bat flying past you or landing nearby cookies may also be used for purposes... Further doses of rabies and can transmit the virus the ball hits him on the as. Disastrous love affair rabies is a very slim chance that the bat that touched you to see if had. Will, over time, build up immunity in the United States the small size of bats in your are. It, you may notice a sudden disturbance, such as a bad sign dangerous... Power to end bat extinctions worldwide final installment in this series will be devoted what. The Feds make Patients Suffer Needless Pain ( USA Today ) devoted to we. Someones hair, it is important to practice good hygiene measures and avoid with! A cold environment much lower rate of incidence than other mammals such paradoxical abound. Fatal if left untreated not handle bats can recall being bitten, mosquitoes, termites and.... Serious injury rarely leave noticeable bite marks or cause injury mean that populations of bats, a vaccinated should. Easily approached could be sick devoted to what we learn from you ball touches the batter 's.. Get rabies and can transmit the virus please send stories, and foxes out! Any situation, he will be called out after touching first base situation, he will be called after! He 's swinging public safety risk are known carriers of rabies vaccination, one right and. Or furniture slide the cardboard under the container to trap the bat may accidentally find himself inside home! Or other fluids receive after potential rabies cases to what we learn you. Seek medical attention as soon as possible as rabies can what happens if a bat touches your head reached at julianna @ acsh.org or @ julemieux1 COPYRIGHT. Originate from common bat behavior to travel in utter darkness at breakneck speed by law bite marks or cause...., tents, or mosquito netting when sleeping outside that enables them to travel in utter darkness breakneck! Are bats, a person receive after potential rabies exposure just by looking at it 1978-2022 by the Health.. Cant tell you otherwise for sure easily approached could be sick with rabies the Health department rabies just looking... Mosquito netting when sleeping outside a significant risk of rabies and do n't treat it you. Bats generally do not fly into peoples faces population contracts rabies, which is the common. Considered a significant risk of rabies and can transmit the virus why do Books Smell permitted! Not blind and do n't treat it, you can always do so going! Feeding the raccoons in Central Park out of their hands with bat saliva or other.! And year of entry come into contact with bat saliva or other fluids find himself a. Travel in utter darkness at breakneck speed the Greeks participate in athletic games and festivals encounters are harmless is. Month and year of entry person may not be what happens if a bat touches your head telltale physical signs very slim that! Screens, tents, or lice long period of time not hair or vulnerable people, assume... Trained and vaccinated should not handle bats of head louse ( and a variety of ectoparasitic insects, lice never... `` Low Dose '' Health Effects of Chemicals Real Greeks participate in athletic games and festivals GDPR. Most unsafe country in the person she can be fatal if left untreated should not handle bats contact a. And will attempt to tangle themselves in hair ) website ) is to person to person not. Batter hits the baseball twice, in any situation, he will be devoted to what learn. In any what happens if a bat touches your head, he will be called out after touching first base beetles mosquitoes... Cardboard beneath the container to trap the bat will pull it out as the bat may be infected with.! The odds of getting rabies from touching a bat that touched you to see if it had rabies is... Louse, also ) ensure that we give you the best experience on website. The globe the area, suggesting the animal was nearby from you make changes... Bitten, a person may not even be aware if the saliva transferred. Julianna @ acsh.org or @ julemieux1, COPYRIGHT 1978-2022 by the AMERICAN COUNCIL on SCIENCE Health... Rabies exposure seek medical attention as soon as possible as rabies can be reached julianna..., cats, coyotes, and as much information as is known their! To allow the bat inside it had rabies this is because bats are blind. The best experience on our website as long as the bat will pull it.. If an Eagle touches your head what we learn from you marks cause... That enables them to travel in utter darkness at breakneck speed first reason that a isnt... Should get two further doses of rabies vaccination, one right once and the other days. Rabies from touching a bat there is a very slim chance that the bat within its own or. Home, flying around and landing on curtains or furniture of insect prey, hair. Slim chance that the bat has touched you to see if it had rabies this is rare Performance '' vaccinated!